ContentsThe library

Many Specialists, One Model

The Favourite That Makes Itself

Last timeWhat the Experts Actually Learn

A copy that gets slightly more traffic early gets better, which earns it more traffic, which makes it better still. Left alone the arrangement collapses onto a handful of copies and wastes the rest.

A routed layer has a failure mode that is not a bug in anyone's code. It follows

from the structure, it happens reliably, and every working system contains

something specifically built to stop it.

The loop

Suppose that at initialisation one copy is very slightly favoured by accident.

Follow what happens.

FIG 1The loop that produces a favourite
Every arrow in the upper cycle is doing the right thing locally. That is what makes this hard: there is no mistaken step to correct, so the fix has to come from outside the loop in the form of pressure that was not there before.
FIG 2Share of traffic reaching the single busiest copy, over training
0.000.250.500.751.001.0500.81000.51500.32000.0training steps
no balancing pressurewith balancing pressure
Both start at an eighth, which is the even share for eight copies. Without pressure the busiest copy climbs toward holding most of the traffic within a couple of thousand steps. With pressure it settles slightly above even and stays there, which is as good as this gets.

What the collapse costs

Two separate bills, and they are worth separating because they fall on different

people.

The first is capacity. The whole proposition was that many copies hold more

knowledge than one. A copy that never receives tokens never learns anything, so

the parameters bought to hold it are inert. They still occupy memory, on every

machine, for the whole life of the model. The model has the deployment

difficulty of something very large and the useful capacity of something small.

The second is time. A batch is not finished until every part of it is finished,

so if one copy has been handed most of the batch while seven sit nearly empty,

the step takes as long as the overloaded copy needs. Seven eighths of the

hardware waits.

The lesson stops here

5 more paragraphs to go

You have read the opening. The rest of the argument, the problems that check whether it landed, and the lines worth keeping at the end all come with a plan.

The first lesson of every course in the library reads the whole way through, free, so you can see exactly what the rest of them are.

See the planThe contents

This is the reading half

Starting the course gives you your own copy of it. Every idea on every page has problems standing under it, marked with a reason rather than a tick, and any sentence you do not believe can be opened and argued with. None of that can happen on a page nobody owns.

The contents

The rest of this course

  1. 01Knowing More Without Doing More
  2. 02One Small Matrix Decides Everythingopening only
  3. 03Not Chemistry, Not Law, Not Medicineopening only
  4. 04The Favourite That Makes Itselfyou are here
  5. 05Some Tokens Do Not Get Inopening only
  6. 06The Exponential in the Middle of Everythingopening only
  7. 07The Model You Must Hold and the Model You Runopening only
  8. 08The Comparison That Actually Means Somethingopening only

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